The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay Example

The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay Example The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay The Myths and Misconceptions of Marijuana Use Essay They accused the outrages occurring in their social orders on the plant while pointing their allegations toward ethnic minorities to make one-sided feelings with their supporter. Developing examinations have started to catch the eye of the general population with their stunning outcomes. The old mindsets of the past age are ceasing to exist, with individuals presently settling on educated choices as opposed to accepting what theyre told. With the wealth of getting mindful of the misguided judgments of weed use. Cannabis is a kind of plant that is developed for its different sorts of common assets, otherwise called modern hemp, but at the same time is reproduced for its psychoactive impacts on the body which have restorative and recreational purposes. There are many realized synthetic compounds found inside the plant, for example, primative corrosive, which has comparative properties to penicillin. Most remarkable is the essential dynamic fixing Delta-9 Dehydrogenations or just ETC, which is the thing that gives clients their high. The United States of America at present thinks about cannabis as an illicit substance, with just 18 states having made it lawful for individual utilization and development. A typical misconception is that hemp and cannabis are the equivalent. In spite of the fact that they are the two results of the cannabis plants, the differentiation originates from the strategies used to develop themwhich yield various outcomes. Hemp is developed in columns (fundamentally the same as corn harvests), and bears the likeness of dainty bamboo sticks with wood-like centers. There are at present more than 25,000 items that utilization hemp as an asset. Cannabis, or all the more regularly alluded to as weed (Mexican Spanish subordinate), is developed with a lot of room permitting the plant to extend its width instead of its stature. One primary distinction between the two varieties is that hemp is commonly extreme outside and contains close to 1% ETC, while weed is developed for the most part inside with fake lighting to fortify the level of ETC strength generally containing 10-20%. The psychoactive impacts of prompting cannabis fluctuate for every person; be that as it may, most clients experience an euphoric perspective that changes their impression of the real world, and increasing their tactile frameworks (e. G. Vision, contact, taste). The physical symptoms incorporate polished or red eyes, expanded pulse, a dry mouth (usually alluded to as cotton mouth), and a loosening up sensation to the body muscles. Generally, cannabis is ground up and folded into a pot cigaretteor is overcome with the utilization of a channel. Ongoing examinations have demonstrated that the most secure techniques to ingesting maryjane is if its eaten by consolidating ETC in supper arrangements, or by disintegrating it. A vaporizer is an electronic contraption that warms the weedopposed to combustionto separate the ETC, as an unavoidable fume. Generally, the impacts of pot are extremely static and once in a while change. A portion of the less attractive impacts cause momentary impedances, for example, issue with memory, capacity o get the hang of, having faulty Judgment, inability to successfully utilize engine capacities, and a grouping of mental hindrances (e. . Uneasiness, over the top frenzy, and suspicion). In spite of the fact that these are normal side effects among the general clients of pot, the negative reactions change between every person. There is no dependable data right now that joins pot and the negative reactions recorded above as an intrinsic nearness with every measurement. Cannabis utilized for clinical purposes, or therapeutic weed, has been read intently for its capacities to fix certain crippling indications. It was first perceived for its mystical properties to fix sicknesses. The principal recorded utilization of pot as a therapeutic medication happened in 2737 B. C. By Chinese sovereign Sheen Nuns. The ruler recorded the medications adequacy in rewarding the torments of ailment and gout (2010, Random Facts, Para. 16). With ebb and flow advances and examination improvement, restorative weed individuals determined to have UN-reparable ailments, cannabis has been put under the magnifying lens for expanding its possible properties. Specialists as of now recommend it to chemotherapy patients who experience sickness and regurgitating, individuals with hypochondriac and interminable agonies (e. . Lower back agonies, joint inflammation, various sclerosis), people with lost craving due to ailments, and for the individuals who experience the ill effects of rest related disarranges, for example, a sleeping disorder. Its no mystery that maryjane has increased a negative picture with the general population. It has been depicted as a substance that transforms individuals into apathetic stoner who have no ability to read a compass or objectives. Be that as it may, the equivalent can be said about liquor. Sure there are some utilitarian heavy drinkers that keep up an adequate degree of execution in their own and expert lives, however have a reliance on expending unreasonable measures of liquor day by day. The sum that they actuate could debilitate a normal individual who drinks on occasionor even reason liquor harming. The equivalent can be said about cannabis clients and their capacities to keep up ordinary ways of life. While breaking down the purposes behind people groups choices to drink liquor or smoke weed recreational, they will in general have a similar reaction. For example, its still uncommon to see it appeared on televisionbut it has advanced onto the big screen. Alongside liquor, the two party-enhancers are generally found in films focused on the transitioning teenagers and trial youthful grown-ups. In the event that nee could have or be a piece of a wild crazy gathering that rewards you with two-piece clad young ladies and epic re-tell esteem distortions of funny proportionand everything necessary is a touch of liquor or weed? Odds are, they had their brains made up before the reviews even began. Companion pressurecoupled with the celebrated picture of these substances in mainstream society diversion have gotten the formula for susceptible youngsters searching out better approaches to pick up acknowledgment from their friends. Unfortunately, the longing of todays youth and youthful grown-ups to fit in with the accepted practices set by well known news sources has never been more unmistakable than it is currently. For people that battle with modesty, are reluctant, and have individual inhibitionsconsuming bountiful measures of liquor to arrive at a state of intoxication is a street they would prefer to take than be bothered and threatened for their interests. The equivalent can be said about smoking pot, as it tends to make an individual progressively chatty and show up increasingly happy. Last, there are people who have upsetting days due to demanding action (regardless of whether it be physical or mental) and essentially appreciate enjoying a beverage or two. Pot reflects this propensity, as clients will wish to relax. Be that as it may, his is additionally where the substance misuse is found. Individuals with every day strugglessuch as uneasiness, low confidence, relationship issues, budgetary difficulties, and so on regularly go to substances to assist them with foregetting their concerns and break reality. In spite of the fact that liquor and weed share comparative characteristics, there are likewise some unmistakable differentiations between the two. Weed is known to instigate a quiet, loosening up understanding while liquor has been focused for effectively upsetting the personality of a boozeroften upholding savagery as an answer. While there are numerous positive advantages for the utilization and creation of cannabis, it elements to confront negative marks of disgrace and generalizations with the overall population. For example, many view pot as a passage drugbut a people powerlessness to has been recognized for its adaptability as an asset, it stays banned in view of the worry that the development of hemp will without a doubt lead to the authorization of cannabis. A vast lion's share of the concerned open are guardians who stress over the impression and impact maryjane will have on their youngsters. Maybes its increasingly imperative to survey the historical backdrop of how we managed the preclusion of liquor in the sassand how freely its saw by todays norms.

Egyption Medicine

The Egyptians had unmistakably further developed clinical methods than individuals had in Prehistoric occasions. The fundamental purpose behind this is their religion. They had confidence in eternal life, accordingly they felt it was imperative to treat the carcasses with a great deal of care. They were set up for the great beyond. This implied the Egyptians increased a great deal of information about life structures. The procedure they experienced to save the bodies Is called preserving. It was seen that the organs In the body would not stay safeguarded so they evacuated them before the burial.They were put Into overhang Jars, at that point the body was treated with salts. These salts and the desert caution dried out the bodies and later they would be enclosed By several yards of cloth. Following 70 days, the preserving procedure was finished and the mummy would be set Inside a uniquely made casket with things that made them agreeable throughout everyday life. Their lifestyle additi onally helped them increase clinical information. The River Nile was urgent to them getting by on the dry deserts. When a year the stream overwhelmed, it gave their fields the supplements expected to develop crops.To keep their yields developing throughout the entire year they built up a channel framework, they burrowed water system dump and utilized funnels to get the water from the Nile to their fields. This enlivened a similarity, they figured that being as their harvests would bite the dust in the event that they water couldn't get to them; that it would hurt the body if blood couldn't go round it. The end was then ended up like that, the human body was additionally brimming with channels, that conveyed liquids to the crucial organs. In the event that a divert in the body got blocked, it would cause problems.This was vital to medication, as it was the main idea of down to earth remedies for ailment. It was thought, that to unblock the vessels cleansing, heaving and draining ough t to be utilized. Anyway their strict convictions likewise kept them from making any increasingly clinical advances. They treated the cadavers excessively well, and didn't look at them as they suspected they were required in life following death. On this, they despite everything accepted that malicious spirits caused a ton of sicknesses and held incredible confidence in their Gods to fix them.

The Thong I Should Be Wearing [UPDATE]

The Thong I Should Be Wearing [UPDATE] Wait. . . what? Thongs? MIT? Together? Heres the story. Well, actually, heres the backstory, then the story. Back in July 2006 there was an issue with the Doonesbury comic strip. The main characters daughter in the comic strip, Alex, had to decide which college to go to. She was accepted to several tech schools and the comic strip writer decided that hed leave it up to a vote to decide where she went. He put up an online poll and, well I read this before I came to MIT and thought it was one of the funniest things ever. I lold and lold, and then Melis wrote a wrap up entry that showed the end result of MITs poll-bombing. Fast forward a couple of years. Heres what happened this time. An e-mail got sent to several sororities, telling them about a new contest that Victoria Secret was having for their collegiate Pink! line. They had a list of 31 colleges and you could vote for yours. Whichever college had the most votes after an unspecified amount of time would be declared the winner and would have their own line of Pink! clothing. BUT! This wasnt just an e-mail. This was a special e-mail. This was an e-mail with an HTML file attached to it. An html file that, when opened in a browser, would register up to four votes per second for MIT. I smell another poll-bombing! That e-mail was subsequently e-mailed to the East Campus dorm list and thats when the fun began. The script was opened up on multiple servers, dozens of computers, hundreds of windows, and thousands of tabs, each voting four times a second. MIT, which used to be at 300,000 votes was soon to be catapulted to the upper echelon of schools in the contest. Drexel already had about 5,000,000 votes, meaning they had obviously run a script as well, but nowhere nearly as vigorous as us. Then all hell broke loose. The hack was sent to all of the class lists, meaning every single student at MIT had the script in their inbox. The e-mail thread that followed was hilarious! Here are some excerpts. Looks like Drexel already had the idea (nobody really likes them that much, right?). No worries though, at this rate well be #1 in about 6 hours. wow, looks like we killed the MIT nodeakamai is shuffling the requests around nowthat means new servers to overload! Its not just the MIT node Im in Ohio and Im getting the same major delays to the site that you guys are. Also, I just did a measure of your voting rate over 5 minutes: Start: 1,288,966 Finish: 1,344,741 = 11,155 votes per minute. Drexler is currently averaging only 400.8 votes per minute. Rock on, MIT. That means we have to overtake Drexler before the PINK server melts. I think we melted itI just tried to check the rankings and got and got an error message that says Sorry: Were working fast to make improvements to this area. Check back soon to nominate your school! (DRAMATIZATION) [emailprotected] # tail -50 /var/www/logs/http/access.log | cut -d -f 1,4,6 18.238.1.200 [21/Oct/2008:20:46:43 POST 18.248.0.106 [21/Oct/2008:20:46:44 POST 18.238.2.127 [21/Oct/2008:20:46:44 POST 18.238.6.84 [21/Oct/2008:20:46:45 POST 18.238.2.127 [21/Oct/2008:20:46:47 POST 18.248.3.109 [21/Oct/2008:20:46:49 POST 18.240.2.220 [21/Oct/2008:20:47:01 POST 18.238.2.127 [21/Oct/2008:20:47:01 POST 18.244.1.147 [21/Oct/2008:20:47:03 POST 18.238.1.200 [21/Oct/2008:20:47:04 POST *scratches head* Gee.. I wonder where all these 18.*.*.* IPs are coming from? (/DRAMATIZATION) For a short amount of time the website was back up with a fix that prevented script voting. Essentially, they just added a cookie that wrote vote=true if you voted. Everybody turned off cookies and went back to it, crashing the server again. Crashed. Were talking gone, nobody (not even my family in Oregon) could access it. Then, magically, a day or two later, it reappeared. The attack was back on! But. . . wait . . . votes for MIT werent being counted! It didnt matter where the votes were coming from, Victoria Secret had completely locked out the top several schools from voting, including MIT. The e-mail thread blazed on. I just sent an email to the vSPINK people using their contact us form. I complained that they really need to fix their broken app so that the other 3 million students here at MIT can voice their school pride. Well see how it goes. The effort split at this point. One group of people created a mailing list devoted to reverse engineering the code on Victoria Secrets website so that they could unlock MITs votes. Another group set to running the scripts on some of their favorite other schools. Suddenly, schools youd never expect to have their own Victoria Secret clothing lines were creeping up the leaderboard. At this point, the website looked like this: We had gone from 300,000 to 2.4 million in less than a day. Rock. Also, note the appearance of George Mason University, Wellesley College, and Bob Jones University. None of them had actually been on the leaderboard earlier. This is right at the onset of MITs attempt to level the playing field, running scripts for the colleges we thought needed some extra votes. What did the leaderboard look like today? HAHAHAHAHA!!! LOOK AT NUMBER SEVEN!!! HAHAHAHAHAHA!!! Also, look at how many points George Mason University earned! 2.4 Million! Ive just gotta say, good show MIT, good show. [Ok, quick note. Ive received a number of e-mails from students at GMU and apparently they ran all their own scripts. Obviously, I had no way of knowing this, but kudos to yall. MIT did help a bit, but obviously not nearly as much as I thought. Wed still like to take credit for Zion Bible College, assuming nobody there wrote any scripts] Now. . . heres the amazing part. I cant access VSPink.com. Nobody at MIT can. Any IP address that starts with 18 (MITs personal IP address) is instantly blocked. Sara 12, whos at home this weekend, sent me some screenshots though, and Ive noticed some renovations to the Victoria Secret website. First change, a new little block of text above the voting box. NO cheating. Ha. Sure. So, its not really cheating unless its against the rules, and there were never any rules. The next addition was a little pink star above the top list of schools. On to us? LOL, busted. But, hey, it looks like we won a free visit from the Victoria Secret Pink! crew, rock on! Finally, their last lovely addition, was a captcha system. Were kinda stuck now. Our scripts dont actually break captchas. But, it was an epic battle between the MIT students and the Victoria Secret SysAdmins, and hopefully there are no hard feelings. We had a great time and based on Victoria Secrets new little warnings on their website, they had a good time protecting their site from us. No, we didnt win, but thats ok. Sometimes its not about winning, its about the fight and the competition, something we definitely enjoyed. Oh, by the way, if you arent at MIT, you can still vote for us, so head over to their website and vote for us! We can do it!

How to Fight Global Warming

The Role of the Prosecutor Essay - 1522 Words

In the American Criminal Justice System, there are four key attributes in the role of the prosecutor. There are discretion, resource dependence, sequential tasks, and filtering. The prosecutors are lawyers that are accountable for presenting criminal cases in trial. The United States Attorneys are pointed by state or government, and represent the federal government in courts. They prosecute all adults who commit felonies and juveniles who commit delinquent crimes. Conjointly, the prosecutors have further responsibilities, such as legal adviser of the country commissioners, the Board of Elections, and written admonition of the prosecutors. Police In today’s justice system, law enforcement contributes a significant role in the†¦show more content†¦Defense Attorneys A criminal defense attorney is a lawyer that is specialized in the defense of those who are charged with criminal conduct. Defense attorneys deal with the surrounding issues of an arrest of their clients, and the substantive issues of a crime that he or she is charged. In the United States, each individual who is brought to trail is eligible for a defense attorney, according to the sixth amendment. If an individual cannot afford an attorney, one is a pointed by the courts; these individuals are called public defenders who are employed by the government. The duties of a defense attorney, is to advocate and advice. In order, for the defense attorney to work effectively, the defendant must supply all the facts and information surrounding the case. Moreover, the defendant is protected by attorney- client privilege. Thus, any exchange information concerning the case is private and protected under the law. The criminal defense attorney role is to assist the courts with the truth-seeking process by presentation an oral argument in favor of defendant innocence. The average case calls to â€Å"advocate with courage and devotion and to render effective, quality representation† (Flower, Page 650, paragraph one). The misconceptions of a defense attorney are that she or he performs duties begrudgingly whether or not the attorney believes in the innocents of the client. The writer considers the availability of an exchange ofShow MoreRelatedRole of the Public Prosecutor1277 Words   |  6 PagesRole of the Public Prosecutor in the Criminal Justice System In independent India, it goes without saying that the criminal justice system (hereafter CJS) must function within the framework of the principles enunciated by the Constitution. 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VIIII- Prosecutors’ role in civil law and common law systems A-Prosecutor in civil law systems The Public Prosecution has two major functions, which are to file criminal actions when acting as public prosecutors before a criminal court and the right to initiate actions, even if the plaintiff has relinquished his right to do so, public prosecutors exanimate crimes, visit crimes’ scenes, question the accused, issue search warrantsRead MoreA Prosecutor On Civil Law System967 Words   |  4 PagesA-Prosecutor in civil law system The Public Prosecution has two major functions, which are to file criminal actions when acting as public prosecutors before a criminal court and the right to initiate actions even if the plaintiff has relinquished his right to do so, public prosecutors exanimate crimes, visit crimes’ scenes, question the accused, issue search warrants, and order the imprisonment of the accused on the account of a crime for a period of fifteen days prior to trial or prosecution. 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Over time, studies have been done by a number of different legal scholars and students to determine what role discretionary decisionsRead MoreThe Journey Of Becoming A Prosecutor Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesBecoming a Prosecutor The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system or the civil law inquisitorial system, and a criminal prosecutor is also a type of lawyer. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case in a criminal trial against an individual accused of breaking the law. A prosecutor prosecutes someone for an illegal crime. There are different rules in different states for a prosecutor. In some

Joesph Cambell Four Functions of a Mtyh Free Essays

Seyed Maghloubi (Historical Mythology) Joseph Campbell explains the following four functions of a myth. Its metaphysical function is to awaken us to the mystery and wonder of creation, to open our minds and our senses to an awareness of the mystical â€Å"ground of being,† the source of all phenomena. Its cosmological function is to describe the â€Å"shape† of the cosmos, the universe, our total world, so that the cosmos and all contained within it become vivid and alive for us, infused with meaning and significance; every corner, every rock, hill, stone, and flower has its place and its meaning in the cosmological scheme which the myth provides. We will write a custom essay sample on Joesph Cambell Four Functions of a Mtyh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its sociological function is to pass down â€Å"the law,† the moral and ethical codes for people of that culture to follow, and which help define that culture and its prevailing social structure. Its pedagogical function is to lead us through particular rites of passage that define the various significant stages of our lives-from dependency to maturity to old age, and finally, to our deaths, the final passage. The rites of passage bring us into harmony with the â€Å"ground of being† and allow us to make the journey from one stage to another with a sense of comfort and purpose. The mystical experience, the core spiritual journey that envisions God, has always been a tough experience to communicate. Some would say it’s impossible to communicate. Others would say that this is the primary function of myth-to find a way to communicate whatever mystical insight has been gained on the journey: an understanding of the mysteries that underlie the universe; an appreciation of its wonders; the sense of awe or rapture experienced. Since these things can’t be communicated by direct means, myth speaks in a language of metaphors, of symbols, and symbolic narratives that aren’t bound by objective reality. Some believe that the mystical experience is what gives birth to metaphoric language, metaphoric thinking. In our post-Enlightenment western world, we have decidedly turned to science to tell us what the â€Å"shape of the world is. † Originally, however, myth performed this function, explaining the cultural history, religion, class structure, origin, even the origin of the geographical features in the surrounding landscape. A myth describes the shape of the world, and infuses each part of that world with meaning and significance. And though a mythic tale may seem literally false in our world today, it was once considered true, and it still expresses a metaphorical truth. Campbell explains that the sociological function of myth is to support and validate a particular social order. The myth will make it clear who is in charge, what ethical code is appropriate, what the institutional rituals will be. The problem is that these codes are fixed, like the natural order, for all time; they are not subject to change. Our myths, according to Campbell, are seriously outdated. Changing time require new myths, and since our times are changing so very rapidly, the myth-making function can’t keep up. As a result, we are practically myth-less. Campbell felt we needed to expand into much more than we presently have. This is the aspect of myth that teaches us how to pass into and live all the differing stages of our lives. Our myths (as religion) give us rituals to live by, rites of passage to accomplish. We learn how to look at the world, at ourselves, from birth till death. Because he felt they were all true, Campbell believed myth could teach us important lessons about how to live. How to cite Joesph Cambell Four Functions of a Mtyh, Essay examples

Difference of Modernism and Post Modernism Essay Example For Students

Difference of Modernism and Post Modernism Essay Modernism and Post ModernismHave you ever wondered what the differences are between the modernism and post modernism? It seems like it would be easy to describe what they are by the words and what they are usually associated with. Yet, its actually a lot different then your thinking. Modernism is the movement in visual arts, music, literature, and drama, which rejected the old Victorian standards of how art should be made, consumed, and what it should mean. Modernists want the absolute truth in everything. While on the other hand, Post Modernism is relating to, or being any of several movements (as in art, architecture, or literature) that are reactions against the philosophy and practices of modern movements and are marked by revival of traditional elements. By explaining a few things in detail I hope to show you a few things in contrast between the two in order to help you understand better. If modernists want the absolute truths in everything, do you think the human body would be something to work on? If you look in chapter thirty-four on pg. 871, you see figure 34.2 Fit for Active Service. What is going on in this drawing you might ask? Well it looks as though the fat German doctor is pointing out something to perfect with the skeleton. As you read through the text that describes what is being done it points to the army doctor pronouncing the skeletal cadaver O.K., hence, fit to serve in combat. The panel to the time to bring a skeletal cadaver in and figure out what would be good for the war and combat on the human body. Definitely looking for the flaws and how to perfect them to make themselves stronger. There seems to be no need for mistake in what they are doing and proceeding this way will fix any misconceptions they may have with the human body and war combat. A man once lived by the name of Wilfred Owen and he wrote of the waste of human life and resources in the events of war. He also felt that is was overly barbaric to involve oneself with war. When you read through his poem reading 6.7, he explains to you the horror and reality of what is actually going on in the battlefield. The first few lines give you the feeling of what the men are going through. Line five and six explain that, Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots, but limped on, blood-shod. All went lame, all blind. Owen points out that there is no beauty in dying for your country and that it is all a lie on what has been made a reality for many. Whats ironic about it all is that the poet died in combat at only 25 years old. Thus, making it that much more real in what he is trying to push across the minds of other people with this poem. Its not just another poem its reality. Postmodernism shows its face in many ways. One painting that I picked that you might find interest ing is figure 36.2. Betye Saar portrays what looks to be Aunt Jemima in a fashion that goes completely against what she was first introduced as being. When you think of this famous face you would think of walking into a cozy kitchen and pouring syrup on your pancakes, but here she is seen with a rifle next to her side in a complete difference from the as its put in the text mammy stereotype. Along side of her in an effort to break the chain of descriptions whites were making, Robert Colescott creates parodies of famous paintings in which whites are recast as their stereotype blacks were. Starting the shots back at what modern people portrayed in some art. After World War 1, jazz came to full fruition as an art form. It was argued that jazz was the product of place and not race yet as it is said on page 923, the role of African-Americans in the origins and evolution of jazz is indisputable. Looking at figure 36.4 King Olivers Creole Jazz Band, you see the elements of jazz and how it came to be that it was primarily a performers rather then a composers art once again pushing further from the norm of modernism. It had a wide range of Euro and Afro-American concepts including harmony, melody, and tone color. As in modern music there is a beat that is followed but with jazz there was a term made called swing. This is described as the practice of playing just off the beat whether slightly ahead or behind. There is more and more to read into what jazz really is and the further you read the more you see it is a total opposite of modern music. Still wondering what Modernism and Postmodernism are? Modernism is the movement in visual arts, music, and literature. While Postmodernism are reactions against the philosophy and practices of modern movements including these arts, music, and literature. I have explained four different viewpoints of mine describing the difference between the two in the period in which they were active during these eras. Differences between the Vi sual arts, literature, and music have all been touched in these paragraphs to help you understand it better. It can be kind of difficult to understand what truly was going on during these times. I believe this should relieve some of the pressure of what exactly you are looking for.

College Students Satisfaction of Music Festival in China

Motivation: Why college students like to join music festival According to Bissell and Dolan (2011, p. 63), music festivals are very popular among the Chinese college students. It is important to understand the reasons that make these festivals popular among these students.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on College Students’ Satisfaction of Music Festival in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aquinas (2006, p. 67) says that one of the reasons why music festivals are popular among the students is because they offer them the opportunity to express their feelings. Music is an art that enables one to describe the feelings about things and people in a way that is unique (Harris 2009, p. 12). Strong emotional feelings such as love, sadness, and disappointment can best be expressed through music. The music festivals offer them the opportunity to do this. These festivals also offer the students an opportunity to express their feelings towards various issues within their immediate environment. It may be an appreciation to the administration on the positive things done to the students or complain to the authorities on what has been ignored or not done right. Adetule (2011, p. 45) says that this is the only forum that students are empowered to speak their mind to their schools’ administration and the nation at large. The presence of media at such events makes it possible for these students to speak to the nation. Flint (2012, p. 38) says that another reason why students like to join music festivals is to entertain themselves. After spending a lot of time in class, the music festival offers time for the students to destruct themselves away from books. They get to entertain themselves in such forums as active participants. As DuBrin (2011, p. 90) notes, sometimes a student may have a talent in music. Not every student can be an academic giant. Others may be very good at acting, singing or dancing. In the current Chinese society, these are the careers that should not be ignored anymore.Advertising Looking for proposal on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the past, such careers were considered a preserve for those who failed to excel academically (Yee 2006, p. 62). However, this is far from being the truth. Some of the best musicians in the world are individuals who excelled in their academics. Moreover, music is turning out to be one of the best careers not only in China but also in the rest of the world. Some of the richest people in the world are musicians. According to Dwivedi (2006, p. 538), parents are also accepting careers in music. During these festivals, these get to exploit their talents in music. It helps them to determine if they may have a future in the field of music. Music festivals also help in creating new friendships and strengthening the existing bonds (Liu Woo 2005, p. 8 4). Music festivals bring together students from various parts of China. At such festivals, they get to interact and share the social lives with students from all over the country. Through this, they get to develop strong bonds that help in enhancing national cohesion. Given that most of the college students are youths, the idea of meeting new friends is always thrilling (Kline 2010, p. 47). Others attend such festivals due to the desire to gain publicity. As mentioned before, in such festivals, especially at the national levels, there is always a heavy media presence. Some of the students join the festivals to gain publicity for various reasons. Others want this publicity to act as their launch to the music career given that they will have an audience of close to one billion people. Others do it out of the peer pressure (Suryadinata 2012, p. 47). These are the major factors that have made music festivals very popular among the Chinese students.Advertising We will write a custo m proposal sample on College Students’ Satisfaction of Music Festival in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Satisfaction: Are they satisfied The level of satisfaction of the Chinese college students with the music festivals may be looked at by analyzing how well their interests are met. According to Ferch and Spears (2011, p. 44), one area where the interests of the students are fully met during such festivals is the need to interact with other students. During such forums, students are always given the mandate to integrate with other students, share their personal views and understand one another despite their diversified background. As Annabelle (2006, p. 855) notes, in such forums, teachers always avoid limiting the movement of students or the people they interact with as long as they stay within the confined places and do not engage in untoward activities. These music festivals are competitive forums where every partici pant seeks to emerge the winner (Floyd 2011, p. 37). The ultimate satisfaction would, therefore, be when a participant or group of participants emerges the top or one of the top competitors. However, being a competition, only one participant or group of participants can occupy position one at any given time. When basing the level of satisfaction on their performance, these college students will have varying feelings (Rees 2009, p. 117). Those who emerge the top in such forums come out highly satisfied. Those who performed dismally may be dissatisfied. Some may feel that the process of selecting the best performers was unfair while others may feel that their opponents had an unfair advantage over them. For those who want publicity in such forums, their satisfaction will be based on whether they got the attention of the media or not. Miller (2012, p. 48) says that other students are only interested in the social interactions in such forums.Advertising Looking for proposal on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This category of students is easily satisfied as long as they are able to meet new friends or interact with the old friends learning in other colleges. Relationship between Motivation and Satisfaction According to Schuttler and Burdick (2010, p. 60), there is a close relationship between motivation and satisfaction. As mentioned above, these college students have specific motivational factors that make them to be interested in the music festivals. For satisfaction to be experienced there must be objectives that are to be met. In the sections above, these factors have been discussed. For instance, these college students are motivated to go to the festivals to win awards (Mittler 1997, p. 38). They will be satisfied if they emerge winners and get the awards that motivated them to participate in the forum. Conversely, if they fail to win the much coveted award, then they will be dissatisfied (Liu Mason 2010). For some students, their motivation is to make new friends from different pa rts of this republic. Their satisfaction will only result from an enabling environment where learners are allowed to interact freely without any restrictions or close control from the relevant authorities. A section of the students feel that they have a career in music (Harper Eimer 2010, p. 54). They go beyond winning awards at these forums. For such students, their satisfaction will be seen when they succeed in getting a clear picture of what their future in music entails. Satisfaction only exists if the motivational factor is met. List of References Adetule, J 2011, Handbook on management theories, Author House, Bloomington. Annabelle, M 2006, Notes from a Small Island: Researching Organisational Behaviour in Healthcare from a UK Perspective, Journal of Organisational Behavior, vol. 27. no. 7, pp. 851-867. Aquinas, P 2006, Organisational behaviour: Concepts realities applications and challenges, Excel Books, New Delhi. Bissell, G Dolan, P 2011, Organisational Behaviour for Soci al Work, Cengage, New York. DuBrin, A 2011, Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills, South-Western Cengage, Learning Mason. Dwivedi, S 2006, Human Relations and Organisational Behaviour: A Global Perspective, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 536-538. Ferch, S Spears, L 2011, The spirit of servant-leadership, Paulist Press, New York. Flint, B 2012, The journey to competitive advantage through servant leadership, West Bow Press, Bloomington. Floyd, J 2011, Composers in the Classroom: A Bio-Bibliography of Composers at Conservatories, Colleges, and Universities in the United States, Scarecrow Press, Lanham. Harper, D Eimer, D 2010, Beijing, Lonely Planet, Footscray. Harris, A 2009, Distributed leadership: Different perspectives, Springer, Dordrecht. Kline, J 2010, Ethics for International Business: Decision-Making in a Global Political Economy, Routledge, New York. Liu, J Mason, C 2010, A critical history of new music in China, Chinese Universi ty Press, Hong Kong. Liu, J Woo, H 2005, New music in China and the C.C. Liu collection at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. Miller, K 2012, Organisational communication: Approaches and processes, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Boston. Mittler, B 1997, Dangerous tunes: The politics of Chinese music in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the People’s Republic of China since 1949, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. Rees, H 2009, Lives in Chinese music, University of Illinois Press, Urbana. Schuttler, R Burdick, J 2010, Laws of communication: The intersection where leadership meets employee performance, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken. Suryadinata, L 2012, Southeast Asian personalities of Chinese descent: A biographical dictionary, Chinese Heritage Center, Singapore. Yee, P 2006, Saltwater City: An illustrated history of the Chinese in Vancouver, Douglas McIntyre, Vancouver. This proposal on College Students’ Satisfaction of Music Festival in China was written and submitted by user Benson L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Hitler

ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the evening of April 20th, 1889 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean's office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. ... Free Essays on Hitler Free Essays on Hitler The Growth and Implementation of Hitler’s Continental Expansionist Foreign Policy Program One of the most interesting historiographical debates about the Second World War concerns the nature of Hitler’s foreign policy. Everyone knows that the Second World War was horrible, even worse than the First, but it has yet to be unequivocally decided what exactly was Hitler’s role in bringing about such a catastrophe. The most important issue relates to the question of whether or not Hitler had evolved a clear and coherent foreign policy by the time he assumed office and to which he was to adhere until his suicide in the bunker. Historical scholarship has produced two main differing schools of thought on this subject, known as intentionalists and structuralists. The intentionalists argue that Hitler did indeed have a clear foreign policy program when he became Chancellor in January 1933. He had formulated this strict set of ideas several years earlier, and he consciously followed this plan throughout his twelve years in power. The structuralists counter this by arguing from several angles that Hitler was an unprincipled optimist with a central concern in â€Å"propaganda exploitation and the protection of his own prestige.† (1) That he was subject to pressures from elite groups and therefore not a free agent able to follow any clear design. And finally that foreign policy has to be seen as a form of social imperialism, an outward conveyance of domestic problems. All of which reject any possibility of coherent intention or program in Nazi Germany’s foreign policy.(2) The ferocity of this debate, perhaps best personified by the AJP Taylor, Trevor-Roper duels, has only increased the stubbornness of each side, and impeded any sort of configuration of a middle group.(3) It seems almost impossible to prove that any side can be completely and inequivocally correct due to the vast amount of sometimes c... Free Essays on Hitler 1. The Beginning At half past six on the evening of April 20th, 1889 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean’s office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. 2. World War 1 While living in Vienna Hitler he made his living by drawing small pictures of fam... Free Essays on Hitler Adolf Hitler, an Austrian by birth, joined the German army during World War I. He won an Iron Cross for his bravery. In February 1925, he rebuilt and revitalized his political party, the Nazi party. Its strength increased gradually. In 1932, Hitler acquired German citizenship. Fresh elections to the Reichstag (German Parliament) took place on March 5, 1933, in which 44% of the total seats were won by the Nazi Party. Thus Hitler formed a coalition government with the nationalists who won 8% of the total seats. After becoming chancellor, Adolf Hitler crushed all opposition and began a campaign of repression against Jews and Communists. On June 30, 1934 he massacred thousands of socialists for treason, for which the day came to be known as ’Bloody Saturday.’ He centralized all the powers of the central and local governments, coordinated all the labor and youth organizations and controlled all the aspects of national life, including the Press, educational institutions, the stage and the cinema. When President Hindenburg died on August 2, 1934, he was succeeded by Hitler. The Nazi Party adopted three goals in its foreign policy: Union of all the people of the German race by the right of self-determination, in one great Germany The cancellation of the Peace Treaties of Versailles and St. Germain and The acquisitions of further territory for the support of the people Hitler then took a series of measures to repudiate the Treaty of Versailles. On October 14, 1933, Germany gave notice of withdrawal from the League of Nations and the Disarmament Conference. On March 19, 1935, Germany violated Part V of the Treaty of Versailles by re-introducing military conscription. On March 7, 1936, Hitler dispatched troops to remilitarize the Rhineland. To expand German territory and power, Hitler followed a policy of naked aggression. Germany entered into a pact with Japan against Russia. It was kn... Free Essays on Hitler 1. Hitler’s failure in November 1923 became a politically instructive experience for him and an important lesson for the organizational development of the party. What was the â€Å"lesson† and what consequences did Hitler draw from it, especially with respect to political tactics? Adolf Hitler’s life began in Austria on April 20, 1889. No one could have foreseen the dramatic effect this young boy would soon have on the world. The Austrian born Hitler often behaved in what can only be described as erratic behavior from which, at times, only Adolf could muster reason. This allowed Adolf’s life to be full of unexpected and often unfathomable ups and downs. Fortunately for him, he was able to learn from the various events that shaped his life. One such event providing a great political lesson for the young Adolf was the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. The Beer Hall Putsch was a critical moment for Hitler. A crucial moment that would end in utter defeat. Hitler’s attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic by force was a humiliating experience for Hitler and the Nazi movement. However, after a brief bout of depression over the failed coup, Hitler became more determined than ever to oust the democratic Weimar Republic government. While imprisoned at Landsberg, he searched for and reflected upon the mistakes that led to the defeat of his Nazi revolution and thus vowed not to repeat the same errors. Consequently, the lessons learned by Hitler would become the basis for the revival of the NSDAP after his release from prison. Hitler learned from the Beer Hall Putsch that overthrowing a modern state was not going to be accomplished by a simple armed uprising. The state, although fledgling, was quite capable of extinguishing the sparks of a rebellion prior to the onslaught of the flames of revolution. Moreover, it could likely be accomplished without any detrimental effect on the state itself through the use of the Germa... Free Essays on Hitler Hitler Adolf Hitler, to some, was a great ruler, but to others he was a murderer. Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party and was the dictator of Germany. He ordered to have millions of Jews murdered or thrown in prisons. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889, in a small town in Australia called Branuan. His dad's name was Alios Hitler and was a customs official. He was 51 years old when Adolf was born. Klara Polz, Adolf's mother, was a farm girl and was 28 when Adolf was born. Klara and Alios had 6 children, but only Adolf and his sister Paula survived childhood. Adolf was a good student in elementary and got good grades. When he reached high school his studies dropped, and he dropped out of school when he was just 16 years old. In 1903 his father, Alios, died. Four years later, Hitler went to Vienna to study art, while he was away his mother, Klara, died. Hitler's hate for Jews and Slavs grew and became fiercely nationalistic. In 1913 he moved to Munich, Germany to become part of the Australian Army. The army found him physically unfit to be in the service. World War I began August 1914 and Hitler immediately signed for the Germany Army and was accepted. He served as a messenger and was decorated twice for bravery after two near death experiences. He was promoted to corporal. While recovering from a battle injury that caused temporary blindness, Germany surrendered to her enemies in November 1918. Hitler was angered and felt compelled to save Germany. In the autumn of 1919, Hitler attended meetings of the "Germany Workers Party." After joining the group and they decided to change their name to "National Socialist German Workers." This party was soon known as the Nazi party. Hitler was chosen as the leader because he was a skillful politician and organizer. In 1923 German workers went on strike against the government. Germany's money value decreased to about nothing. Hitler proclaimed a Nazi revolution o... Free Essays on Hitler Adolf Hitler was born and reared in Germany. He was just like any other man, de-voted to his country. Hitler served as a soldier and a statesman. He gained the trust of mil-lions that fought and died in his name. We must understand how he gained and abused power. We must know the life and impact of the man who was once a madman and a po-litical genius. Adolf Hitler was born on Easter Sunday, April 20, 1889, in the Austrian village of Braunau. Hitler’s mother Klara Polzl was a nice simple girl, twenty-three years younger than her husband, Alois Schicklgruber. Klara was the maid to Alois’s children when she got pregnant by him. When Alois heard she was pregnant they were married at once. But the child she carried, and two more died before Adolf. Alois was not a loving father, he had a bad alcoholic problem, often abused his family, and visited mistresses. Alois Hitler died when Adolf was only fourteen. After Alois’s death, Adolf had a burden lifted off his hands. He only stayed in school for two more years after his father died, and then dropped out at age sixteen. Hitler had only spent ten years in school. Adolf was inspired to paint, it let him be a different person with his creativity. His mother, who had a lot of faith in him becoming a artist, gave him enough money to go to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. When Adolf was in Vienna, doctors found a tumor in his mothers chest. They operated immediately but she grew weaker as the months past. Hitler always tried to comfort his mother. At the same time, Hitler wanted to study art. In 1907 his mother gave him permission to take his inheritance from his father to support him in Vienna for one year and pay tuition. In October of 1907 the rector of the academy told Hitler that he was a architect, not a painter. After hearing that disappointment, he found out his mother was dying. Adolf was there for his mother in her last months. She died on December 21,1907. Afte... Free Essays on Hitler ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the evening of April 20th, 1889 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean's office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. ...

Journal Articles Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Journal Articles Summaries - Essay Example rise, as Latin America had utilized the forces of globalization a lot better than the remaining parts of the United States of America before the 1920s. In the decade of 1930, however, the Latin American policies started to edge away from globalization and it was a very critical time period in Latin American history. This article outlines the problems and their possible explanations which are found not from the increase in output from protection as visualized generally, but in the needs of profits, coming up with strategies to respond to the tariffs of their trading partners, and the call for reimbursing those participants of globalization who did not succeed (Coatsworth, John H, and G W. Jeffrey). The article, ‘Always Protectionist? Latin American Tariffs from Independence to Great Depression’ is written by John H. Coatsworth and Jeffrey G. Williamson and is a part of the Latin American Studies compiled and published by Cambridge University Press. The article starts off by exposing the fact that a majority of people do not in a good way, except some groups in Latin America including historians of economics. That fact is, import and export taxes and tolls were much, much higher in Latin America than any other part from the 1860s to 1914, when the First World War ensued. The decades leading to the First World War, also known as the first globalization boom or belle à ©poque of Latin America, were the years in which the tariffs in Latin America kept increasing. Knowledge of this fact gives rise to an economical as well as political question: What caused the taxes to be so high BEFORE the Great Depression and not AFTER it? It is a known fact that he high taxes are the cause of a misshaped local economy and it stunts the economy’s growth with respect to performance as well. But why the tariffs were so high was the real question. Latin America was believed to have made the most of pre World War One belle à ©poque and was way ahead of others in the process of

Opinion Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opinion - Research Paper Example Everyone seems to care for the prolongation of the life of a beloved one, no matter the extent of socioeconomic demand thereon. For instance, psychological and medical facts supporting the possibility of terminally ill persons making a dramatic comeback from their conditions within the framework of support and care counter the propensity to implement the rights to be aided to end life. The family bond is so strong that the contemplation of assisting aiding someone to end their life is usually not commonly adopted. The patient’s rights to die may be abused for a number of reasons, creating a deliberate move to eliminate persons who need care and probably make a comeback in their health. The case of reported Dutch euthanasia data illustrates the magnitude of risks that a society may have to contend with, if the procedures of aided death fail to observe humane treatment of human dignity. Families must take a more central role in supplementing the national healthcare system in providing care to the aged, since the overstretched system will increasingly find it difficult to cover everyone. Under such conditions, the risks of euthanasia to the sociocultural fabric will continue to loom in the American society (Pevtzow, 2011). Under the conditions of a growing population of aged persons with high dependence of care to survive, healthcare systems find the burden of balancing service delivery to productive population unbearable. The astronomical costs involved in the care-intensive service to the very old always leads to debates on whether elimination of the persons would make healthcare systems sustainable for the populations. However, as illustrated above, stronger social factors tend to keep the life of the aged closer to the family structure than elimination of their life at will. Abuse of the right to die for the terminally ill, most of which are the aged may be supported by cold family members

Data Analysis Interpretation

Data Analysis Interpretation Introduction Based on the literature review in chapter 2 and the primary and secondary data collected as outlined in chapter 3 , the researcher has detailed his analysis and his interpretation of his understanding based on in-depth and clear research keeping the aim and objective of the research in mind. This chapter emphasizes the main issues in connection with the studys aims , previously outlined . The chapter has been accordingly broken down into main sections To study the set of processes used in a world-class organization (Infosys) to effectively and efficiently manage software projects To study the involvement of senior managements and the role of managers in delivering software products To suggest possible future courses of action through which Infosys can maintain an edge over the competition Data Analysis and Interpretation Using the primary and secondary data identified in the literature research , the researcher now explains the main areas in order to answer the objectives of the study AIM : To study the set of processes used in a world-class organization to effectively and efficiently manage software projects . The literature review pointed that in terms of Infosys project management, software project work is split into two components: onsite and offshore, according to where it can be best done, at the lowest cost, and with the lowest level of acceptable risk, thereby de-coupling capability development and delivery. Infosys has established a systematic pattern of succession planning whereby board members remain in the vanguard but are underpinned by a three-tier leadership structure for high-potential managers . Infosys executes hundreds of projects each year. Full responsibility for executing a project rests with the project manager, who must make sure that the project team delivers high-quality software to the customer on time and within cost . At Infosys , in the project planning stage, as revealed by Marsh (1998 p.29) , the project manager reviews contractual commitments and creates a plan to meet them. Creating a project plan involves defining a life-cycle process to be followed, esti mating the effort and schedule, preparing a detailed schedule of tasks, and so on. It also includes planning for quality and configuration management as well as risk management. At Infosys , the second phase, as in the words of Finney ( 1999 p.43) , project execution, involves executing the project plan, tracking the status of the project, and making corrections whenever project performance strays from the path laid down in the project plan. In other words, it involves tracking and controlling the implementation of the project process. This phase is the longest in the project management process, incorporating periodic tasks such as monitoring project status and quality and taking any needed corrective steps. Objective 1 : To analyze the project management process adapted by Infosys in delivering effective software systems Infosys project manager performs startup and administrative tasks and creates the project plan and schedule. He is also responsible for defining the objectives of the project . The suitable standard process for the project execution is identified . Also the standard process to meet project requirements are tailored . Also a process for managing changes in requirements is designed . The estimation of effort involved is undertaken . Also the plan for human resources and team organization is determined . The project milestones are defined and schedules created accordingly. Also the quality of objectives and a quality plan to achieve them are determined . A defect prevention plan in designed. The risks are identified and plans are made to mitigate them. A measurement plan for the project is defined .A training plan for the project is designed . The project-tracking procedures are analyzed for effective execution . Also a review of the project plan and schedule are performed . Authorizati on from senior management is obtained . The configuration management plan and defined and reviewed . Also orientation of the project team to the project management plan is executed Once planned the project manager executes the project as per the project plan. , tracks the project status., reviews the project status with senior management. , monitor compliance with the defined project process. , analyze defects and perform defect prevention activities, monitor performance at the program level and conduct milestone reviews and replan if necessary. Other members of the team also participate in this stage. The entry criterion is that the project plan is complete and approved, and the exit criterion is that all work products delivered are accepted by the customer Post-project data analysis constitutes the main activity; metrics are analyzed, process assets (materials, such as templates and guidelines, used to aid in managing the process itself) are collected for future use, and lessons are recorded. Because learning from the project is the main goal, this is a group activity that involves the project manager, the SEPG, and other members of the team Infosys software project has two main activity dimensions: engineering and project management. Infosys engineering dimension deals with building the system and focuses on issues such as how to design, test, code, and so on. Infosys project management dimension deals with properly planning and controlling the engineering activities to meet project goals for cost, schedule, and quality. If a software project is small (say, a team of one or two working for a few weeks), it can be executed by infosys somewhat informally. The project plan may be an e-mail specifying the delivery date and perhaps a few intermediate milestones. Requirements might be communicated by infosys in a note or even verbally, and intermediate work products, such as design documents, might be scribbles on personal note pads. These informal techniques, however, do not scale up for larger projects of Infosys in which many people may work for many months—the situation for most commercial software projects. In such projects, each engineering task must be done carefully by Infosys following well-tried methodologies, and the work products are been properly documented so that others can review them. The tasks in the project are been carefully planned by infosys and allocated to project personnel and then tracked as the project executes. In other words, to successfully execute larger projects, formality and rigor along these two dimensions must increase in infosys Formality requires that well-defined processes be used for performing the various tasks so that the outcome becomes more dependent on the capability of the processes. Formality is further enhanced by quantitative approaches that are employed by infosys in the processes through the use of suitable metrics. A process by infosys for a task comprises a sequence of steps that should be followed to execute the task. For Infosys, however, the processes it recommends for use by its engineers and project managers are much more than a sequence of steps; they encapsulate what the engineers and project managers have learned about successfully executing projects. Through the processes, the benefits of experience are conferred to everyone, including newcomers in the organization. These processes help managers and engineers emulate past successes and avoid the pitfalls that lead to failures. For a project, Infosys engineering processes generally specify how to perform engineering activities such as requirement specification, design, testing, and so on. The project management processes, on the other hand, specify how to set milestones, organize personnel, manage risks, monitor progress, and so on. Project managers at Infosys actually want to use processes but only if theyre reasonable and will help the project managers execute their projects better. Project managers do, however, resent processes that seem to be unnecessarily bureaucratic and add little value to their work. The trick, then, is to have lightweight processes—those that help project managers plan and control their projects better and that give them the flexibility to handle various situations. Objective 2 : To analyze the CMM framework applied by Infosys in delivering effective software projects To consistently improve process performance on its projects, Infosys enhance the process capability frequently that the process itself must become more mature. In level 1, the initial level, Infosys executes its project in a manner that the team and project manager see its fit. At the repeatable level (level 2) infosys applies established project management practices are employ them , although organization-wide processes may not exist. At the defined level (level 3), organization-wide processes have been defined and are regularly followed by Infosys project team. At the managed level (level 4), quantitative understanding of the process capability makes it possible to quantitatively predict and control the process performance on a project by the Infosys project team. At the optimizing level (level 5), the process capability is improved in a controlled manner and the improvement is evaluated quantitatively. Each maturity level is characterized by key process areas (KPAs), which specify the areas on which the organization should focus to elevate its processes to that maturity level. For Infosys to achieve a maturity level, it must satisfy all the KPAs at that maturity level as well as the KPAs at all lower maturity levels. Maintaining processes at higher levels of maturity is a challenging task requiring commitment from infosys and its proper work culture. Objective 3 : To study the KPAs for Infosys project management performance KPAs at Level 2 : Requirement Management RM : Here the software requirements of Infosys are controlled to establish a baseline for its software engineering and management activities. Also software plans, products, and activities are kept consistent with requirements Software Project Planning SPP : Here Infosys estimation are documented for use in planning and tracking the project .Project activities and commitments are planned and documented. by Infosys .Also affected groups and individuals agree to their commitments related to the project Software Project Tracking and Oversight SPTO : Here the actual results and performances of infosys are tracked against their software plans. Corrective actions are taken by management and they manage to closure when actual results and performance deviate significantly from their software plans. Software Subcontract Management (SSM ) : Infosyss prime contractor and the subcontractor agree to their commitments. The prime contractor tracks the subcontractors actual results against its commitments. The prime contractor and the subcontractor maintain ongoing communication. Similarly the prime contractor tracks the subcontractors actual performance against its commitments Software Quality Assurance SQA : Here Infosys plans its software quality assurance activities . Also adherence of software products and activities to the applicable standards, procedures, and requirements is verified objectively. Similarly affected groups and individuals are informed of software quality assurance activities and results. Noncompliance issues that cannot be resolved within the project are addressed by senior management of Infosys Software Configuration Management SCM : Infosys plans its software configuration management activities Also selection of software work products are identified, controlled, and available. Similarly changes to identified software work products are controlled. Affected groups and individuals are informed of the status and content of software baselines KPAs at Level 3 Integrated Software Management ISM : Here Infosys projects defined software process is a tailored version of the organizations standard software process. The project is planned and managed according to the projects defined software process Intergroup Coordination IC : Infosys affected groups agree to the customers requirements. And all groups agree to the commitments between different groups.The groups identify, track, and resolve intergroup issues. Peer Reviews PR : Infosys plans its peer review activities and any defects in the software work products are identified and removed KPAs at Level 4 : Quantitative Process Management QPM : Infosys plans its quantitative process management activities and its process performance of the projects defined software process is controlled quantitatively. The process capability of Infosys standard software process is known in quantitative terms. Software Quality Management SQM : Infosys projects software quality management activities are planned. Any measurable goals for software product quality and their priorities are defined. The actual progress toward achieving the quality goals for the software products is quantified and managed Objective 4 : To analyze the SEPG support Infosys applies to its projects The quality department at Infosys contains the software engineering process group (SEPG). The SEPG is responsible for coordinating all the process activities, including process definition, process improvement, and process deployment. It also manages all information and data related to the use of processes Although the responsibility for all aspects of delivery, including quality, belongs to the project team, the SEPG facilitates the project team in following the right processes. The SEPG also forms an independent channel for monitoring and reporting to senior management on process and quality issues. Because processes wont stick by themselves,6 the SEPG helps to ensure that the defined processes are implemented and become standard practice. To this end, in addition to offering training on processes, the SEPG provides a member who is associated with a project as a software quality adviser. The quality adviser assists in defining and following processes, ensures that the processes are followed, aids in analyzing the data, and provides any needed process training. Because the adviser is well versed on processes, guidelines, and so on, the advisers main help comes during project planning. The adviser also reviews the project plan to ensure that it contains all the key elements. In addition to providing consulting and help with processes and metrics, the Infosys SEPG schedules and manages regular independent audits to ensure that the defined processes and standards are being followed. Objective 5 : To study the involvement of senior managements and the role of managers in delivering software products ( PRISM and IPM ) Infosys prides itself in providing value to its customers through delivery excellence. Everything at Infosys, including its organizational structure, is driven by the aim of serving customers efficiently and effectively and quickly tapping new business opportunities. For delivery of customer services, Infosys has many business units. Within a business unit, a team, headed by a project manager, executes a project. The project manager is responsible for all aspects of project execution, from determining the requirements to final installation of the software. The project manager reports to a business manager, who in turn generally reports to the business unit head. To handle situations that cannot be resolved by the project manager, senior management involvement in projects is essential. At Infosys, the business manager regularly interacts with the project manager and monitors the project through status reports and milestone reports . In addition to regular monitoring, the business manager also helps to resolve issues and problems that cannot be handled by the project team and are escalated to his level . The business manager also interacts with customers to ensure that they are satisfied and that any issues are promptly raised and addressed. In addition, other senior people also review projects periodically by regularly taking part in internal audits Through two systems—called PRISM (project review by senior management) and IPM (integrated project management)—milestone reports and project plans are available for senior management to review. All senior managers are expected to review some projects periodically through this system and to give feedback to the project leaders. Overall, senior management maintains involvement in the project primarily by monitoring to ensure that the project objectives are met and that the customer is fully satisfied. Because project managers have the main responsibility for satisfying the customer, they need to master not only executing the technical aspects of a project but also interacting with customers, eliciting requirements, managing the team, and so on. Clearly no one is likely to possess all the skills needed, so its crucial to train people to develop the necessary skills. Infosys has implemented a variety of programs to help people transition from being engineers to being project leaders. All fresh entrants undergo a three- to four-month induction training program. In addition to training in engineering and technology, this program contains one- or two-day programs in business etiquette, written communication, public speaking, body language, and so on. Later, when engineers are ready to become module leaders (those who manage the development of a system module, especially in larger projects) or project managers, they attend a series of technical and soft-skills training programs. Included in the former is a five-day project management course that focuses on all aspects of project management: planning, monitoring, controlling, and so on. A two-week course on requirements specification and management teaches how to elicit requirements, how to document them, how to verify them, and so on. The five-day residential soft-skills training program includes modules on appraisals and team management, customer focus and customer management, leadership, social and business etiquette for different countries, and so on. Other regularly offered programs focus on various aspects of management; project leaders take these courses when their schedules permit. Also, team-building workshops are conducted by professionals. Objective 6 : To suggest possible future courses of action through which Infosys can maintain an edge over the competition For Infosys to continue its success stories in developing world class software projects , it has to concentrate on the following issues IN DEPTH The software projects process plan focusing on customer requirements Analyze the impact of software requirement change request Extended efforts in estimates and the high-level schedule, along with a description of how they were obtained More focus on the quality plan containing quality goals and plans for achieving them, including plans for defect prevention and reviews Extended support on the risk management plan describing the major risks, their risk exposure and impact, their prioritization, and the risk mitigation plans for the high-priority risks Effective measurement and tracking plan Detailed and clear project management plan, including the team management plan and the customer communication and escalation plan The complete configuration management plan Efficient project tracking documents, including the defect log, the issues log, the status report, and the milestone report Details of defect prevention, including defect analysis results and the impact on the project of the defect prevention plan Clearly illustrated complete closure report, which includes the metrics data on quality, productivity, cost of quality, defect removal efficiency, and so on

Famous Creative Thinkers in the World Essay

It is said that there is greatness in everybody, and it only requires the right place and time to burst out and bless the world. This planet has been blessed to have amazing people walk among us, and they have revolutionized the way people perceived certain ideologies. Jesus Christ, Leonardo Da Vinci, Martin Luther King, Benjamin Franklin and Voltaire, just to mention a few are accredited to have left a mark in this world. With none claiming to be any special than any other man, they stood out to make this world a more comfortable place to live in during their time. Quentin Tarantino, a film director, actor, producer and screenwriter is one of the great men that the 21st century has been blessed to have. With a creative, innovative and ever awe-inspiring works, Quentin has become a figure in society that many people can look up to. His films are usually characterized by non-linear storylines, a glorification of violence and a satirical subject matter that in most times results in an exhibition of neo-noir characteristics. His creative genius by the use of mix and match genre as well as an infusion of music and the morphing of old works and making them new and better are his main characteristics that define him. Quentin’s works have always had a cut above the rest because they seek to contribute largely to the society in general. Whether in educating, reminding or entertaining the society, Quentin has had movie lovers at the edge of their seats and in turn, he has received awards for the same. Quentin has entertaining movies like Pulp Fict ion (1994) that is considered one of the greatest if not the greatest movie produced of all time and Django Unchained that seeks to tell the story of slavery. Movies with stories that remind human beings of their past, or those that make them forget about the daily hassles of life have garnered him success as well as health, although without their share of problems. For example, making of a slavery movie was initially not favored by potential audiences, and it received severe criticism although it resulted to his highest grossing movie of all time. On the other hand, other movies are criticized as having too much violence which is mostly in his line of creativity. The solutions to these problems were primarily making movies that are entertaining and educative, that leave out the brutality of the times that the movies are based on. The second is that the action movies he directs or produces are made for the enjoyment of the entire family, without vulgar language and sometimes incredible humor. For a creative thinker, obstacles are a daily routine since thinking outside the proverbial box is commonplace. For Quentin, research is the initial step towards a resolute creative thinking process. This means a lot of reading and comparisons of different scripts and different possibilities. Tarantino’s creative thinking process revolves around all matters that seem reasonable and worth investing in, promoting ideologies and uplifting talented scriptwriters. Although he is attributed to having anger issues, his movies cannot be remade any better without denying the audience their intended purpose. For example, Django Unchained was meant to educate and remind the American of the past that they are too ashamed of to remember. His works fit perfectly in the 21st century movie making field where creativity and the ‘anything goes’ attitude is prime. Having been an avid movie fan, a trained actor, movie critique and an investor, Tarantino has continued to expand both h is knowledge and skill in the movie world. The age of computing has revolutionized the 21st century and the world has become a better place with computers. The age of computers, as this century is commonly referred to have experienced profound effect in all industries that have chosen to adopt the technology. Grace Murray Hopper (nicknamed ‘amazing Grace’), an American computer scientist as well as the United States navy rear admiral had notable contributions to the world of technology and modern warfare. She is among the pioneer programmers of Harvard Mark one computer, and she developed the first compiler for a computer programming language. This was her first most significant contribution to society. She is also renowned for popularizing the term ‘debugging’ as a term for fixing computer glitches. It is probably because of her sense of patriotism that she volunteered to join World War II, and she was sworn into the Navy reserve where she gained an exemption to enlist because she was underweight. This was among the first hurdles in her career, but what she did not have in physical attributes; she more than made up for them in brains. Throughout her career in both industry and academia, Hopper was a consultant for the United States Naval Reserve as well as a lecturer there. She held several posts in leadership through her career both outside the Navy and also within the Navy. Her technical and marketing skills proved to be of great use to her as she also demonstrated superb political and general business acumen. The major hurdles that she had to overcome were the computer bugs that she was working on while in Harvard. However, working alongside brilliant minds, she co-authored several papers on computers. By the virtue of patience and perseverance, Hopper was able to tackle many of the problems she faced by herself, but in some, she got the assistance of fellow brilliants. She is said to have never turned down a good idea from anyone regardless of their rank in the military of in the lab. By being involved in the successful programming of Mark I through III computers, she was awarded the Naval Ordnance Development Award. Nothing could have been done any different at the time, and up until now, the Mark computers are still formidable in the market. With the age of computing, Hopper’s works fitted perfectly with her time, and her innovations remain a valuable contribution to human beings. By being involved in the university’s academic program, Hopper was able to learn and continue to excel in her field of study and expertise. Up until her retirement, she was a lecturer and an academician whose contributions were noted and highly regarded. Until her death in 1992, Hopper remained an invaluable asset for the United States Navy, Harvard and the World at large. For that, the USS Hopper (DDG-70) Navy Destroyer and the Cray XE6 â€Å"Hopper† supercomputer were named after her in the United States Navy and NERSC respectively. References Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, USN. (2012, March 4). Biography – Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, USN. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.history.navy.mil/bios/hopper_grace.htm Everything Tarantino. (2014, May 27). Everything Tarantino. Retrieved May 31, 2014, from http://www.everythingtarantino.com/ Grace Hopper Biography. (2010, May 12). Bio.com. Retrieved May 31, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809#awesm=~oFPA4E99lVVRqY Quentin Tarantino Biography. (2013, September 27). Bio.com. Retrieved May 31, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/quentin-tarantino-9502086#awesm=~oFPAGvRhIMAhpw Source document

Plan of Discipleship Essay

Introduction In due course of ministering to the body of Fairway Church it has become apparent that there is a greater need for discipleship among the un-churched and the de-churched of the surrounding community. It is therefore, the goal  of this exposition to introduce, clarify, and expound the goal of the discipleship ministries of Fairway Church in said context. This action must be seen as imperative not only to the church but also in the broader context of mission as a whole. It is the hope therefore, in the following curricular plan that there would be adequate space and definition given to the following areas of concern: Scriptural Foundations Core Ministry Values Behavioral goals (including Slogans and Visuals) Measurable Objectives Base Path of Development (Measurable Steps) Encompassing Vision Statement Identification and description of characteristics of the target group. Action Plan Scope and Sequence Plan Budget and Communication Tools and Techniques Through the further defining and examination of the above factors the goal of this curricular plan should be well established in the collective efforts of the church as a whole. With this in mind one should be capable of appreciating and desiring to continue in the work of discipleship at Fairway Church. Furthermore, it should be noted that discipleship is no easy task, yet it is a worthwhile one. It should be the overarching goal of the local church as well as individual believers to be involved in the representative work of Christ in the local context. The command has been given, the call has been sent out, as individual followers the response therefore, must be to follow well and seek to make other followers. Scriptural Foundations Perceiving, therefore, a need for valid and comprehensive discipleship it is the desire of this program to integrate Scriptural content into a practical outreach format. It should therefore, be the purpose of this expositional section to deal with the Scriptural foundations of the below development of  a discipleship strategy. This must be done through a successful examination of the call, the example, and the sacrifice of Christ as well as the model of Paul. First, one must see that Jesus has given a call to make disciples. If the local congregation does not understand the basic imperative of Christ toward discipleship, there is no hope that a successful model might be attained. This call is expressed nowhere more clear than in Matthew 28:9 which states to the followers of Christ, â€Å"Go therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.† 1 It should be seen that the goal of the disciple-follower should be to make other disciple-followers. This must not be compromised; it is the foundational block of any successful discipleship strategy. Furthermore, one must seek to gain an understanding of Christ’ example of discipleship. Here one must dissect the concern as to the question of, â€Å"Why?† Why does one make disciples? Although, it can easily be seen that Christ commanded this in the above passage, there is more to this than a mere call to do something in Christ’s name. As Francis Chan states, â€Å"God wants us to pursue certain actions, but as we put God’s commands into action, our motivation makes all the difference.† 2 A student of scripture must understand that discipleship is at the heart of Christ Himself. In reality Christ held a special call to make followers. This can be seen nowhere better than in Matthew 4:18-22. One reads: â€Å"While walking by the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon (who is called Peter) and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. And he said to them, â€Å"Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.† Immediately they left their nets and followed him. And going on from there he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and he called them. Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him.† 3  This passage is key in understanding the example of Christ as he sought to create and lead disciples. Christ called people to come and follow Him. The local church should be about the same business as they seek to reach the culture around them for Christ. This is more than a command, it is a lifestyle exhibited primarily by Christ. Next, one who seeks to be a disciple must embody the sacrificial life of Christ. This does not dictate that one must seek to die in order to follow Christ. However it should lead believers to understand the call to live sacrificially even unto death, if necessary. Dietrich Bonheoffer points this out by stating that, â€Å"When Christ calls a man, he bids him come and die.† 4 This does not mean that Christ calls men to be killed but rather to live sacrificially. The idea is the same when one sees in Luke 9:23-24 that Christ calls people to live sacrificially. The student of this text reads, â€Å"And he said to all, â€Å"If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it.† 5  This passage is also a key in the concept of successful discipleship strategy. In short, the believer must be willing to live as if a cross was their goal. The disciple should understand that ultimately following Christ leads to the death of self. Without this understanding there is no means to successfully accomplish the objective of creating solid disciple-followers of Christ. Lastly, one should see the practical applications to the above theological themes concerning discipleship. This is nowhere exhibited more fully than in Pauls’ ministry to the Philippians. Paul states in Philippians 3:17 concerning the church that, â€Å"Brothers, join in imitating me, and keep your eyes on those who walk according to the example you have in us.† 6 This should be seen as directly related to the nature of disciples as followers. Paul is pointing to himself as an acceptable example for disciples to follow. This point is of great importance in that it is attainable to the average believer. The individual congregant of a particular church should seek to embody this model in any effort to be a disciple-making disciple. Individuals should seek to create followers of themselves and in this lead others to Christ. Core Values With firm scriptural texts established one should further seek to develop  and implement the core values of discipleship. These values are highly important in the forming of vision and the continuation of a successful disciple making structure. The local church must be seen as central to this and should be placed in context of discipleship structures. It is therefore, the hope of this expositional section to place the local church at the center of effective disciple making. In this context one should see that the core values of discipleship in the local church congregation should include a healthy understanding of, engaging culture (mission), organic relationship building, accountability, and lastly reproduction. These core concepts should sit at the center of the discipleship efforts of Fairway Church. First, the congregation should seek to understand the reality of the culture in which the church exists. The current culture is one in which most seem to be hostile toward Christianity. The spectrum shows it obvious that, â€Å"Christian faith is quickly losing traction in Western culture, not only as a result of unchristian behavior, as significant as that is, but because we haven’t recognized our new reality and adapted.† 7 The path forward is defined by how the local body interacts with this culture.  Interaction must be seen as key. Considering discipleship and the way in which the church engages culture dictates their ability to reproduce disciples. Tim Keller, speaking of the Israelites, and their engagement of Babylonian culture gives three options. These options are: â€Å"Move into the city and lose your spiritual identity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Don’t move into the city and keep your spiritual identity†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Move into the city and keep your spiritual identity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  8  It is frightful to think of the number of churches that embody the first two models in the modern context. Furthermore, it should be seen that Gods model for cultural engagement is one in which believers engage culture. One reads in Jeremiah 29:7 that believers should, â€Å"seek the peace and prosperity of the city to which I have carried you into exile. Pray to the LORD for it, because if it prospers, you too will prosper.† 9 The situation is one that is  clear. Church people should not live in isolation of culture, in fact, individual believers should be engaged with culture yet not lose their spiritual identity. The church must be engaged with the world around it. This must be a core value of any successful discipleship strategy. In connection to the above idea of engagement, the local church should seek to understand the value of organic relationship building. It is through relationship that community is formed and this concept must be seen as central to the very nature of being Christian. This was the practice of the early church in Acts. One reads in Acts 2:42-45 the following: â€Å"And they devoted themselves to the apostles teaching and the fellowship, the breaking of bread and the prayers. And awe came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs were being done through the apostles. And all who believed were together and had all things in common. And they were selling their possessions and belongings and distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need.† 10  The idea is one of community. Here the church must be about building relationships in community. Through engaging culture the gospel becomes attractive and as relationships are developed there should be people added, first, in areas of common interest and then as firm followers of Christ. In the context of relationship building there should also be an aspect of accountability. It should be noted that the ultimate goal of successful discipleship is to make people accountable to Christ first and each other as an outflow of the primary relationship with Christ. This however, must be linked to healthy accountability in relationship. Some may refer to this as creating healthy boundaries. Although, this may seem abstract to many, in its exposition it should become clear. Some may find it offensive to even suggest that disciple makers should consider relational boundaries. However, this is important in two ways. These ways are easily seen as maintaining proper doctrine and picturing proper Christian love. First, one must see that doctrinal boundaries must be maintained. As Jonathan Leeman points out, that the church is rampant in its, â€Å"loss of doctrinal, boundary making thinking,† 11 furthermore, that this loss is linked to allowing churches to, â€Å"veer toward number-counting or Spirit-chasing (or both)†. 12 This has ultimately led the church to see an influx of people. Yet, also there is a lack of spiritual maturity or ability to reproduce disciples. This must be seen in direct connection to the cultural phenomena of, â€Å"individualism, consumerism, and a reluctance to commit, and skepticism toward all forms of dogma† 13 The goal however, should be in relationships to picture the opposite of this mentality. The goal should center on accountability and self sacrifice, healthy boundaries and love from a biblical context of community. Furthermore, it should be understood that in picturing proper, restorative love in community is essential. The culture to which disciples will be sent is one intoxicated by love. This is a problem, in that the predominant cultural perception of love is so often implied upon the church and furthermore, Christ. It is expected that Christ is all accepting rather than concerned about belief or accountability. Restorative ministry in a community context must be fleshed out in a context of Gospel transparency. The church cannot disciple sinners with out loving them enough to picture this model in relationship. Hold true to doctrine and do not compromise for the sake of â€Å"love†. Lastly, one must seek to operate a framework of discipleship that can be reproduced. The church in too many cases has tied itself to structures that cannot be reproduced on an individual level. It is key to understand that, â€Å"Reproduction ensures that a movement will live past its founding stages.† 14 This must be acknowledged in greater depth. Jesus understood the need for reproductive discipleship and so should the modern church. The model of Jesus must be seen as the most successful model in that he understood and implemented a strategy of reproduction centered on a small handful of original disciples. Robert Coleman notes this in his book the Master Plan of Evangelism by stating the following: â€Å"His concern was not with programs to reach the multitudes but with men whom the multitudes would follow†¦ Men were  to be His method of winning the world to God. The initial objective of Jesus’ plan was to enlist men who could bear witness to His life and carry on His work after He returned to the Father.† Jesus understood the value of organic reproduction. The local church as well should seek to embody this. However, it seems this has not been the goal in much of the historical efforts of discipleship. Behavioral Goals Discipleship as Frank Viola states is, â€Å"a lifestyle—an authentic journey with the Lord Jesus and His disciples.† 15 Therefore, any process seeking to make disciples should desire to integrate fully a successful plan of curriculum. This curriculum should hold a clear-cut concept of behavioral goals. As Mitchell states, â€Å"Step number one in developing the curricular plan is establishing both institutional and individual goals and expectations.†16 This must be assessed if discipleship is to be accomplished. An overarching goal statement should be established to guide the educator as they seek to lead and make disciples. The goal then of this curricular plan must be seen as follows: To make disciples capable of living on mission, in journey, and reproductive in nature. This goal statement should be seen at the heart of successfully making disciples. However, the statement in itself is incapable of fleshing out the reality of this goal. There must be an expectation of personal goals accompanying the discipleship goal statement. Behavioral goals should be built around the framework of this statement. These goals should follow as well the model seen in the core ministry values. Individuals in the discipleship structure should be encouraged to integrate the following principles into their lives on a daily basis: Engage Care Build Reproduce Individuals should be encouraged to integrate these behaviors in their own  lives on a daily basis. The terminology of Scripture should point this out. One reads in Matthew 28:19 that the call is to, â€Å"Go therefore and make disciples of all nations,†17 The point of â€Å"going† is better conveyed in the Greek, which reads as, â€Å"πΠ¿Ã ÃŽ µÃâ€¦ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ 18This therefore is defined as, â€Å"to lead over, carry over, transfer, to pursue the journey on which one has entered, to continue on one’s journey.†19 This must be seen as important in the behavioral goals of a discipleship effort. Individuals must be encouraged to integrate the four core values into a lifestyle of evangelism, rather than the more common structure of catapulting oneself into culture. Such an effort is often times defined by congregants in the form of confessional faith alone. The goal should be to integrate people into the journey before ever assessing the nature of their salvation. Salvation should be the goal yet; it should not be the point of the spear. Far too many have presented Christian community as transactive, whereas it should be seen as transformative in nature. The above format however may be seen as drastically different than the model shown in the historical model of church. Individual disciple-followers should begin to acknowledge that the need is not to go â€Å"on mission† but to â€Å"do life† as mission. There should be a language component to this shift. An individual slogan therefore could be stated simply as, â€Å"Keep Calm and Disciple on†. The goal of such a slogan is two fold. The desire should be to create a common language as well as a framework for motivation in a comfortable and familiar style. This must be understood in order to fully integrate discipleship into ones life. Furthermore, there should be a visual component to this as well. This visual can be seen in the following: . The above visual should be seen as key in the integration of material into the teaching and educative principles concerned with behavioral objectives. The form can be utilized as a further tool to incorporate and engage the culture at large concerning the building of relationships. This must be seen as key in the implementation of the above described discipleship structure. Therefore, it should be assessed that the behavioral objectives of this  discipleship strategy are to lead others to integrate the â€Å"engage, care, build, reproduce† strategy into their lives. Individual disciple-followers should be lead to, engage culture, care for their communities, build relationship through that caring, and reproduce disciples from those relationships. These are the behavioral objectives of this strategy and are essential to its implementation. Measureable Objectives Measurable outcomes should also be seen as important to the accomplishing of valuable discipleship structures. The question of what expectation is held by the leadership of Fairway Church for the individual disciple-followers is important and should be well defined at the onset of the structure. Dietrich Bonheoffer stated in his classical work Life Together that as believers, â€Å"We must be ready to allow ourselves to be interrupted by God, God will be constantly crossing our paths and canceling our plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬  20 This quote should help individual leaders as they seek to integrate measurable objectives into a successful framework for discipleship. Successful discipleship should create disciples willing to have their lives interrupted by Jesus. The measurable outcome in conclusion should be centered on the ability of individuals to live in such a way that discipleship is accomplished regardless as to the inconvenience to their personal lives. It should therefore, be noted that at the end of this discipleship course individuals should be integrated into community and motivated to form community in whatever context available to them. These measurable outcomes must be placed as central to the success of this plan of discipleship. Each component must be seen more in depth as to understand the importance of each. First, one must see the importance of individuals being integrated into community. Darrin Patrick notes this in his book For the City in a remarkable way. After noticing the large amount of non-believers in his congregation Patrick also noted that they (leaders), â€Å"learned that what stood out to people was the context of challenging, biblical teaching in the context of a community of people who seemed to genuinely care for one another and spend time together.† 21 This is for the purposes of this paper a  successful picture of what it means to integrate people into valuable community. This integration however, must be driven toward further goals. Next, one must be capable of thinking sacrificially to accomplish the goals of engaging and reproducing. This must be seen in the context of community. Darrin Patrick exhibits this point by describing the establishment of the fifth campus of his church â€Å"The Journey†. Darrin notes that, â€Å"we launched our fifth campus, which started because of the heart of a member of our church who owned a thrift store and desired a place for people who frequented there to go to church.† 22 This must be seen as an embodiment of the measurable outcome of being motivated to form community. The individual disciple saw a need in community, as a result a new congregation was started and discipleship was carried on. In summation concerning the point of measurable outcomes leadership should assess individuals in their ability to be part of community and their ability to form community. A successful disciple-follower will reproduce the discipleship model in different context outside of the original community. This must be seen as the most important measurable objective of this discipleship structure. Base Path of Development (Measurable Steps) A base path of development should also be considered at this point in the development of a discipleship structure. These steps should be assessed on both a corporate and an individual level. The larger context of the local church should benefit from the advancement of discipleship efforts. This would be the measurable steps assessed in the corporate context. However, it should also be seen that assessment on an individual level is needed. Furthermore, the benefit to the church is not one of a superficial nature. The church itself should be seen as being reproducible. The goal is to build from smallest to largest. The smallest being individual disciples and the largest being the reproduction and continued proliferation of church planting movements. The symbiotic relationship that exists between the corporate and the individual nature of discipleship is seen by the statements of Dennis McCallum who disciples through a process of, â€Å"using one-on-one or one-on-two relationships to h elp people who have only recently met Christ and need help just getting started at the most rudimentary  level.† 23 However, this is also integral to the model of reproduction. The above quote points to the greater implication of multiplication. McCallum goes on to point that; â€Å"Each home church in Xenos seeks to replicate itself within one to four years, depending on the type of group. To succeed, the home church must raise up a new team of leaders and double the size of the group.† 24 In short, it should be seen that a measurable outcome in the discipleship process of Fairway Church it the reproduction rate of both discipleship groups and church plants. As one evaluates the outcomes of developing disciple-followers there must be an emphasis placed on the corporate reproduction as well as the individual reproduction of disciples. As individuals are encouraged to â€Å"disciple on† there should be an understanding that an organic structure driven toward reproductive fellowships (i.e. church in whatever context) must be realized. Therefore, it must be noted that two measurable outcomes must be considered. First, are individuals making disciples? Second, are these disciples forming relational fellowships built around the tenants of church? If these two outcomes are not seen leadership should re-assess and equip individual disciples to continue by other means. This is key to the understanding of measureable outcomes in the context of the above discipleship st ructure. Furthermore, individuals should be encouraged to be experimental in their application of biblical teaching in the context of discipleship. One reads in the book the Trellis and the Vine concerning this theme: â€Å"†¦just as some sort of framework is needed to help a vine grow, so Christian ministries also need some structure and support. It may not be much, but at the very least we need somewhere to meet, some Bibles to read from, and some basic structures of leadership within our group.† 25  It should therefore, be embodied in the relationship between structure and organic growth that a supportive leadership model gives guidance but not directives. The goal should be to keep first things first in the context of community application. There should be a solid vein of doctrinal agreement, leadership authority, and oversight. However, this does not mean that the communities are manipulated to look alike in any context. A vibrant community of faith should be one in which the practical application of doctrinal belief binds a community together rather than driving them apart. Encompassing Vision Statement Furthermore there should be an encompassing vision for any discipleship structure. The vision of a group must be well defined in order to keep the group as a whole motivated and driven toward a goal. A successful leader will continually measure the progress of the group. This leader should also be willing adjust the methods used as needed. Transformative leadership is leadership that must not be fixated with plans but capable of accomplishing goals through working and changing with the group. Vision, it seems should be viewed in a dualistic nature. Vision can be a catalyst or a nail in a coffin. Darrin Patrick notes this in his book Church Planter. He comments that a pastor without grace is a man characterized as, â€Å"a blind man elected to a professorship of optics, philosophizing upon light and vision, discoursing upon and distinguishing to others the nice shades and delicate blendings of the prismatic colours, while he himself is absolutely in the dark!† 26 It must be seen therefore, that vision can be very dangerous if given from the wrong perspective and through the wrong person. However, this should not lead one to think it unwise to have vision. Paul is noted as have thought strategically about vision. In short, it must be seen that vision does not trump strategic thinking and strategic thinking does not cancel out the value of vision. One reads concerning this that, â€Å"Paul had two checks in his spirit and an open vision, but it wasn’t until he concluded—put all these things together cognitively—that he knew where the Spirit was leading.† 27 It should be therefore, that the leader of a discipleship effort should seek to combine an open vision with cognitive practical thought. Therefore, in considering the above exposition concerning the proposed discipleship structure of Fairway Church there should be a desire to define a vision built in the notion of Paul. This vision should be moldable as well as practical. At this point individuals should see the following vision statement as functional as well as doctrinal and spirit formed. Fairway Church discipleship exists to be the hands and feet of Jesus, to all those outside the walls of this church. We will live missionally, give sacrificially, and never stop encouraging others to join us on our way to Jesus. This vision should be implemented to encourage individuals to successfully accomplish the goals of discipleship. In conjunction with leadership on a personal level it is hoped that people will be motivated toward replicating the discipleship structure on their own. Identification and Description of Characteristics  of the Target Group The target group of this discipleship model is two fold. These two groups are best and most easily identified as follows: Church Attenders and believers  Un-churched and De-churched peoples Each of the above groups listed groups possess its own challenges as well as concerns. However, the success of this structure must be gauged in its ability to mesh the two together. First, one must integrate the existing resources of people and facilities toward accomplishing a greater understanding of evangelism in the context of discipleship. Ed Stetzer speaks of this by emphasizing the importance of a successful, â€Å"evangelistic strategy. â€Å"28 he points out that such a strategy, â€Å"requires stages, helping people move from the ranks of the inactive and unreached to being active followers of Jesus Christ.† 29 Therefore, these steps must start with those who already believe. Furthermore, this provides great comfort to the leader. Community in this seed group or core group will help not only to build new leaders but also give courage to the one in place. As the group develops and begins to implement the strategy of discipleship momentum will build and individuals will become bolder in their discipleship efforts. Second, one must seek to broaden the base from which the discipleship efforts can begin to take shape. This stage would further develop the core values of engagement and relationship building. In a sense this stage would be the branching out stage. Individuals from the core would be encouraged to engage, care for, and build relationships with their community. In this  process these individuals would seek to understand and acknowledge the individuals that can be identified with the un-churched and the de-churched. This however, may seem a daunting task. However, when placed in context it should be seen that this task, although daunting, could be accomplished. One term seems to predominantly describe those that remain outside the church. The term of post-modern has taken on a prolific hatred in the contemporary American church. Yet, the hope remains that through engaging this culture there can be Gospel work accomplished. First, one should understand what a â€Å"post-modern† person is. Stanley Grenz notes that post-modernism is, â€Å"a questioning, and even rejection of the Enlightenment project and the foundational assumptions upon which it was built, namely, that knowledge is certain, objective, and inherently good.† 30 In examining this definition the church may react rather than respond. However, the church should ask itself whether this shift is necessarily a bad thing. Gabe Lyons notes that over all, â€Å"Americans are spiritual, but they have begun to seek spiritual experiences outside the framework of traditional religions.† 31 If this is the case than why should the church be frightful of reaching out to engage this cultural shift? In a sense should not such a culture find value in Christian community? Not to say that Christian community should bend to accommodate but that a mentality defined by, â€Å"Think, hence I am† 32 by its very tenant, accommodates one who acknowledges Christ. Therefore, the church should seek to engage this group in an effort to integrate them into greater biblical community. The question is well phrased when reading, â€Å"What if it’s (the post modern culture) actually a harnessable wind that can refill the sails of our faith?† 33 Action Plan An action plan should further the discipleship effort of Fairway Church. This plan should be all encompassing as well as directed toward the context of each individual target group. The following steps should be taken in the goal to accomplish successful discipleship in the congregation of Fairway Church. The activities should be seen the context of two activities of a Biblical context. These activities can be defined as net casting and pulling  in the nets. First, one should see the first steps of the action plan as a net casting activity. These steps include the cultivation of existing believers and the utilization (pulling in) of such to broaden the discipleship pool. In a sense one is casting nets into the relevant communities in order to find the workers for discipleship. These individuals are then brought into the discipleship conversation as a means to parlay such resources toward the greater community. In this step of action one seeks to find where God is already working an d align themselves in an effort to have greater community impact toward making disciples of the un-churched and de-churched. Second, this step should be repeated on a broader scale. It is in this second step of action that one should look for areas in which the church can truly make a difference. In this context Christians should be encouraged to build relationships by engaging the culture around them. The net casting in this step is defined by the individual disciples living on task and on journey in their community context. Continual long-term engagement should be encouraged at this point. Furthermore, this second step should be defined by the individual efforts of disciples to become more involved in the lives of those outside the church. Although, disciples should be encouraged to invite disciples to Christian activities the main point is to form valuable organic relationships with those in the community. This step is hugely important to the continual development of discipleship efforts. Scope and Sequence Plan Scope and sequence planning should be seen as important as well. In such an assessment there should be adequate evaluation given to the curriculum, calendar, and personnel needed to accomplish the goals of the discipleship efforts. It is in this portion of development that one may see the options as limitless. However, for the sake of being organic it should be noted that scope and sequence planning should be a minimalistic activity. Curriculum must be seen as standardized. Regardless, as to which group or facet of the discipleship structure, there should be a successful implementation of curriculum. It is the suggestion of this paper that there should be an emphasis placed on book studies. These studies however, should be developed from practical to theological and from larger group to smaller. As individuals who already self identify as disciples arise in congregations they should immediately be integrated in a cohort structure of discipleship training. The curriculum for such a group should be focused on training and empowering these individuals to cast nets for themselves and train future disciples. Each cohort should last no more than six weeks and should consist of a high level of accountability. These groups should be no more than six participants in number. This number should allow for adequate leadership and training. In this context there should be a practical book such as For the City by Darrin Patrick and Matt Carter. In conjunction to this there should also be a Theologically significant book such as The surprising Offense of Gods Love by Jonathan Leeman. To second these efforts there should also be practical training involved. Each disciple should also be engaged for up to three weeks after the initial cohort. Each disciple-follower would be encouraged in this time to begin a personal outreach to his or her local community. Creativity would be emphasized and applauded. The leader of the cohort would be there only in a supportive role. Budget and Communication Tools and Techniques A budget plan should also be taken into consideration. However, with an emphasis on an organic model and structure, the budget should also be very minimalistic. Within the confines of such a structure the main cost would be book materials. Although individuals can be encouraged to buy the books there should be adequate understanding on the part of leadership. Books should be purchased in bulk and distributed at cost to leaders of individual groups. This budgetary model should be seen as helpful in several ways. However, the lower the cost the more likely reproduction will be. Individual participants should be encouraged to take ownership of the discipleship model and its proliferation. Too many churches have launched into discipleship efforts with an emphasis on church structural centrality. This in turn has made the portrayed model barren not easily reproduced. This mistake should be avoided  at all cost. Bibliography Bevins, Winfield. Grow: Reproducing through Organic Discipleship. Resurgence , 2009. Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. Life Together: The Classic Exploration of Christian Community. New York , NY: Harper Collins , 1954. Bonhoeffer, Detrich. The Cost of Discipleship . New York , NY : Thouchstone, 1959. Chan, Francis. Multiply: Diciples Making Disciples. Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2012. Coleman, Dr. Robert E. The Master Plan of Evangelism . Grand Rapids , MI: Revell Books , 1993. Descartes, Rene. Discourse on the Method and the Meditations . New York , NY: Cosimo, Inc, 2008 ESV Study Bible. Wheaton , IL: Crossway Bibles , 2008. Grenz, Stanley J., interview by Rogier Bos. Next Wave Interview (1999). Leeman, Jonathan. The Church and the Surprising Offense of God’s Love: Reintroducing the Doctrines of Church Membership and Discipline . Wheaton , IL: Crossway Books , 2010. Lyons, Gabe. The NExt Christians: Seven Ways you Can Live the Gospel and Restore the World. Colorado Springs, Co: Multnomah Books , 2012. Marshall , Colin , and Tony Payne . The Trellis and the Vine: The Ministry Mind-Shift that Changes Everything. Kingsford : Matthias Media , 2009. McCallum , Dennis , and Jessica Lowery . Organic Discipleship: Mentoring Others Into Spiritual Maturity and Leadership. New Paradigm Publishing , 2006. Patrick , Darrin, and Matt Carter . For the City: Proclaiming and Living out the Gospel. Grand Rapids , Mi: Zondervan , 2012. Patrick, Darrin. Church Planter: The Man, The Message, The Mission. Wheaton , IL: Crossway, 2010. Patrick, Darrin, and Carter Matt. For the City: Proclaiming and Living Out the Gospel. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2011. Scrivener, Fredrick. Interlinear Greek New Testament Bible (Kindle Edition). 2010. Stetzer, Ed. Comeback Churches: How 300 Churches Turned Around and Yours Can Too. Nashville, TN: B & H Publishing Group, 2007. Gospel [in] Life . Performed by Timothy Keller Redeemer City to City . Viola, Frank. Finding Organic Church. Colorado Springs , CO: David C. Cook.